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The keyboard glockenspiel (French: ''jeu de timbre'') is an instrument consisting of a glockenspiel operated by a piano keyboard. It was first used by George Frideric Handel in the oratorio ''Saul'' (1739). It was also used in the 1739 revivals of his ''Il Trionfo del Tempo'' and ''Acis and Galatea'', and the next year in ''L'Allegro, il Penseroso ed il Moderato''. Half a century later, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart employed a ''strumento d’acciaio'' in ''The Magic Flute'' (1791) to represent Papageno's magic bells, and this instrument is believed to have been a keyboard glockenspiel.〔Blades and Holland 2001.〕 This part is nowadays sometimes taken by a celesta.〔http://usa.yamaha.com/products/musical-instruments/percussions/celesta/an_overview_of_yamaha_celestas/?mode=model retrieved 13 March 2012〕 Maurice Ravel preferred the keyboard version of the instrument because it can play a true ''ff'' dynamic for brilliance and iridescence in orchestral climaxes.〔Schuller 1997, 472.〕 In the late 20th century, the firm of Bergerault began manufacturing a three-octave (F2–E4) mallet instrument with a damping mechanism operated by a foot pedal, which is capable of dealing with the wide range called for in contemporary scores.〔Blades and Holland 2001.〕 ==Recent Use== More recently, the keyboard glockenspiel has been used by: * Richard Wagner in his opera ''Die Walküre'' * Giacomo Meyerbeer in his opera ''L'Africaine'' * Léo Delibes in his opera ''Lakmé'' * Jules Massenet in his oratorio ''La Vierge'' * Giacomo Puccini in his operas ''Turandot'' and ''Madama Butterfly'' * Richard Strauss in his tone-poem ''Don Juan'' * Paul Dukas in ''The Sorcerer's Apprentice'' * Maurice Ravel in ''Daphnis et Chloé'' and ''Ma mère l'oye'' * Ottorino Respighi in the ''Pines of Rome'' * Arthur Honegger in his Fourth Symphony * Olivier Messiaen in his ''Turangalîla-Symphonie'' (where it appears along with celesta) * Karlheinz Stockhausen in his ''Gruppen'' (1955–57), some versions of ''Refrain'' (1959) and ''Punkte'' (1969–93). * Gryphon on their albums ''Midnight Mushrumps'' (1974) and ''Raindance'' (1975). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「keyboard glockenspiel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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